Objective: There has been an increase in violence towards physicians and healthcare staff in the health-care environment in recent years. The risk of violence remains stronger in people working in health institutions than the ones working in other businesses. We aimed to search violence towards healthcare staff and rates of event reporting in a public hospital emergency department. Methods: The survey which is performed in fifty employees during face to face interviews. They were asked exposure to violence, type of violence and report or underreport of violance. Results: In this study, 82% of emergency department healthcare staff reported the exposure to violence independent from sex, age, professional seniority (p<0.001). Verbal violence were found to be more common than physical violence and sexual assault (p<0.001). Emergency department, doctors (87.5%), nurses (100%) and laboratory workers (90.9%) were the most vulnerable population to violence with respect to secretaries (50%) (p<0.005). The rate of violence reported events of violence was low (26.8%) (p<0.001). The most common cause of violence was prolonged waiting time for physical examination. Conclusions: Although the incidince of violence towards healthcare staff at emergency departments were high, the most of the healthcare workers underreported their exposure to violance.

Objective: Thalassemia major is the heaviest form of the thalassemias. Anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, spinal deformities and osteoporosis can be seen in the patients with thalassemia major. Our aim is to detect the frequency of osteoporosis among the thalassemia major patients. Methods: Patients with diagnosis of thalassemia major were included in the study. Bone mineral density (BMD) scores (T-score and Z-score) less than -2.5 were accepted as osteoporosis and the scores between -1.5 and -2.5 were accepted as osteopenia. Patients were asked if they had any treatment for bone disorders. Results: Total 25 patients with thalasemia major (14 men, 11 women) were included to study. Patients average age was 22.0± 0.90 years. According to BMD scores 16 of our patients had osteoporosis where as 9 patients had osteopenia. None of the patients were screened for osteoporosis and also none of them was taken any supportive bone treatment. Conclusions: Patients with thalasemia major should be screened for osteoporosis which will affect their further life and quality of life and appropriate medications should be given at early stages.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a disease which is caused by a mutation in the transmembrane conductance regulator gene, and displays autosomal recessive heredity. Cystic fibrosis trans-membrane regulator protein (CFTR) is required to regulate the components of sweat, digestive fluids, and mucus. The prevalence of the disease is estimated as 1/2500-1/3500 in the white race. But the frequency of CF is not known for our country. Cystic fibrosis occurring in childhood, is a hereditary disease that proceeds with the dysfunction of all exocrine glands. The characteristic feature of the disease is the production of abnormal secretions in sweat, salivary, tracheobronchial, colon, urogenital system and pancreatic exocrine glands. The significant clinical signs of cystic fibrosis are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pancreatic insufficiency symptoms. Pseudomonas aeruginosa may lead to colonization, chronic and recurrent infections in patients with CF. In this article, a 10-year-old girl with CF having persistent cough related to acute exacerbation of chronic lung infection due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization, has been presented

Forestier disease which is also called as "diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperosteosis" is mostly originated from the thoracic region, and is usually asymptomatic. The main symptoms of this disease are; neck pain, dysphagia, odynophagia, otalgia, snoring, dyspnea, stridor and hoarseness. Diagnostic imaging is helpful in diagnosis. Osteophyte formation in tendons is the typical sign in direct radiography. In this writing case report diagnosis and treatment of two patients suffering from neck pain and dysphagia were discussed in the light of current literature.

Strong primary care (PC) is supposed to improve the capacity of a country to achieve a responsive, high quality and cost-effective health care system. The available evidence-base supporting pro-primary care policies originates from studies with a limited geographical scope, narrow use of dimensions to measure PC strength, and use relatively old data. The recently published PhD Thesis by Dionne Sofia Kringos (Health Systems Researcher from The Netherlands) aimed to get insight into the elements that form (the strength of) primary care in Europe and their impact on health care system outcomes. This article summarizes the results of this work, which has been published in more detail in different scientific publications. The strength of PC was measured by 3 dimensions of PC structure: PC governance, PC workforce development, and economic conditions of PC. The strength of PC services delivery process was measured by 4 dimensions of: accessibility, continuity, coordination, and comprehensiveness of PC. The PC dimensions were operationalized by a total of 77 indicators for which data was collected in 31 European countries. The results show variation in PC strength across Europe, indicating a discrepancy in the responsibility given to PC in (inter)national policy initiatives and the needed investments in PC to solve e.g. future shortages of workforce. Countries are consistent in their PC focus on all important structure dimensions. Countries need to improve their PC information infrastructure to facilitate PC performance management. This study was able to show that strong PC has a positive impact on population health, reducing disparity in health, and avoiding unnecessary hospitalizations